|
|
Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts
Gala, Viktor ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Viktor Gala Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) abacavir (ABC) is now the mainstay of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV in pregnant women. The introduction of cART, along with several other measures, has reduced mother-to-fetus transmission of HIV to less than 1% in recent years. The placenta is a key organ for the health of both the fetus and the mother. Imbalances in placental development can result in adaptive changes and fetal programming errors. cART recommended in pregnancy is known for its good safety profile, but some epidemiological studies suggest a higher risk of reduced fetal weight, preterm birth, etc. The placenta is a rapidly growing organ dependent on the supply of building materials that resembles tumor growth in certain aspects. Nucleosides are promoters of tumor proliferation and are involved in the development of immunotolerance. The placenta is complexly equipped for nucleoside synthesis, uptake,...
|
|
|
Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts
Gala, Viktor ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Viktor Gala Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of abacavir on the expression of nucleoside transporters, adenosine receptors, and enzymes involved in adenosine synthesis and biodegradation in trophoblasts The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) abacavir (ABC) is now the mainstay of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV in pregnant women. The introduction of cART, along with several other measures, has reduced mother-to-fetus transmission of HIV to less than 1% in recent years. The placenta is a key organ for the health of both the fetus and the mother. Imbalances in placental development can result in adaptive changes and fetal programming errors. cART recommended in pregnancy is known for its good safety profile, but some epidemiological studies suggest a higher risk of reduced fetal weight, preterm birth, etc. The placenta is a rapidly growing organ dependent on the supply of building materials that resembles tumor growth in certain aspects. Nucleosides are promoters of tumor proliferation and are involved in the development of immunotolerance. The placenta is complexly equipped for nucleoside synthesis, uptake,...
|
|
|
In vitro models for studying Syncytin-1-induced fusion of trophoblast cells
Jech, Lukáš ; Trejbalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zíková, Martina (referee)
Trophoblast cell fusion is essential for human placenta development. Apart from initiating blastocyst implantation, syncytialization is critical for optimal nutrient and gas exchange between mother and fo- etus. Multicellular syncytia called syncytiotrophoblast covers the surface of the branched structure of chorionic villi, which is in direct contact with maternal blood. Impairment of the syncytialization process leads to insufficient fetal nutrition and severe pregnancy complications. Syncytia formation is induced by the interaction of the surface glycoprotein of retrovital origin, Syncytin-1, with its receptor. Despite the significance of these processes, the details of cell fusion and trophoblast differentiation remain unk- nown. Furthermore, because of its uniqueness, the human placenta cannot be covered by animal models. As a result, research into human placental development, especially Syncytin-1-induced trophoblast cell fusion, is limited to in vitro trophoblast models. These models include primary trophoblast cell cultures and trophoblast cell lines, which can be obtained by immortalizing cell cultures or extracted from trophoblast tumours. Dedifferentiated trophoblast stem cell cultures were also established. The most recent approach, however, involves the direct reprogramming of dermal...
|
guest ::
